Marti: Pàgina nova, amb el contingut: «There is nice summary page at http://lpi.aluzina.org/wiki/101_4 Here a copy of the part of it speaking about the FHS: == 104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Fil...».

2008-10-15T10:13:30Z

Pàgina nova, amb el contingut: «There is nice summary page at http://lpi.aluzina.org/wiki/101_4 Here a copy of the part of it speaking about the FHS: == 104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Fil...».

Pàgina nova

There is nice summary page at http://lpi.aluzina.org/wiki/101_4

Here a copy of the part of it speaking about the FHS:

== 104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ==

=== El FHS ===

Se puede encontrar el estándar [http://www.pathname.com/fhs/ aquí].

==== Propósito ====
Establecer la jerarquía de directorios y relación de ficheros de un sistema Unix de manera que
la localización de los directorios y ficheros concretos sea predecible.

==== Definiciones ====

* Shareable, unshareable (entre sistemas se entiede).
* Static, variable data.

==== Obligatorio ====
* <tt>/</tt> (root): contendrá lo necesario imprescindible para arrancar y recuperar el sistema en caso
de fallo. Los usuarios no privilegiados no pueden escribir en este directorio.
** <tt>bin</tt>: Essential command binaries
*** Se requiere que no tenga subdirectorios y que contenga binarios que puedan ser utilizados por todo el mundo sea ya en modo monousuario como multiusuario. Se especifica el mínimo indispensable:
**** <tt>setserial</tt> (obligatorio para linux ¿?).
**** <tt>cat</tt> Utility to concatenate files to standard output
**** <tt>chgrp</tt> Utility to change file group ownership
**** <tt>chmod</tt> Utility to change file access permissions
**** <tt>chown</tt> Utility to change file owner and group
**** <tt>cp</tt> Utility to copy files and directories
**** <tt>date</tt> Utility to print or set the system data and time
**** <tt>dd</tt> Utility to convert and copy a file
**** <tt>df</tt> Utility to report filesystem disk space usage
**** <tt>dmesg</tt> Utility to print or control the kernel message buffer
**** <tt>echo</tt> Utility to display a line of text
**** <tt>false</tt> Utility to do nothing, unsuccessfully
**** <tt>hostname</tt> Utility to show or set the system's host name
**** <tt>kill</tt> Utility to send signals to processes
**** <tt>ln</tt> Utility to make links between files
**** <tt>login</tt> Utility to begin a session on the system
**** <tt>ls</tt> Utility to list directory contents
**** <tt>mkdir</tt> Utility to make directories
**** <tt>mknod</tt> Utility to make block or character special files
**** <tt>more</tt> Utility to page through text
**** <tt>mount</tt> Utility to mount a filesystem
**** <tt>mv</tt> Utility to move/rename files
**** <tt>ps</tt> Utility to report process status
**** <tt>pwd</tt> Utility to print name of current working directory
**** <tt>rm</tt> Utility to remove files or directories
**** <tt>rmdir</tt> Utility to remove empty directories
**** <tt>sed</tt> The `sed' stream editor
**** <tt>sh</tt> The Bourne command shell
**** <tt>stty</tt> Utility to change and print terminal line settings
**** <tt>su</tt> Utility to change user ID
**** <tt>sync</tt> Utility to flush filesystem buffers
**** <tt>true</tt> Utility to do nothing, successfully
**** <tt>umount</tt> Utility to unmount file systems
**** <tt>uname</tt> Utility to print system information
** <tt>boot</tt>: Static files of the boot loader
** <tt>dev</tt>: Device files
*** <tt>null</tt> (linux specific)
*** <tt>zero</tt> (linux specific)
*** <tt>tty</tt> (linux specific)
** <tt>etc</tt>: Host-specific system configuration
*** No puede contenar nada más que ficheros de configuración (texto) y se especifican algunos subdirectorios, pero el único obligatorio (y al mismo tiempo inútil) es /etc/opt con configuración respecto a lo que esté instalado en /opt.
**** <tt>X11/</tt> (opcional)
**** <tt>csh.login</tt> Systemwide initialization file for C shell logins (optional)
**** <tt>exports</tt> NFS filesystem access control list (optional)
**** <tt>fstab</tt> Static information about filesystems (optional)
**** <tt>ftpusers</tt> FTP daemon user access control list (optional)
**** <tt>gateways</tt> File which lists gateways for routed (optional)
**** <tt>gettydefs</tt> Speed and terminal settings used by getty (optional)
**** <tt>group</tt> User group file (optional)
**** <tt>host.conf</tt> Resolver configuration file (optional)
**** <tt>hosts</tt> Static information about host names (optional)
**** <tt>hosts.allow</tt> Host access file for TCP wrappers (optional)
**** <tt>hosts.deny</tt> Host access file for TCP wrappers (optional)
**** <tt>hosts.equiv</tt> List of trusted hosts for rlogin, rsh, rcp (optional)
**** <tt>hosts.lpd</tt> List of trusted hosts for lpd (optional)
**** <tt>inetd.conf</tt> Configuration file for inetd (optional)
**** <tt>inittab</tt> Configuration file for init (optional)
**** <tt>issue</tt> Pre-login message and identification file (optional)
**** <tt>ld.so.conf</tt> List of extra directories to search for shared libraries (optional)
**** <tt>motd</tt> Post-login message of the day file (optional)
**** <tt>mtab</tt> Dynamic information about filesystems (optional)
**** <tt>mtools.conf</tt> Configuration file for mtools (optional)
**** <tt>networks</tt> Static information about network names (optional)
**** <tt>passwd</tt> The password file (optional)
**** <tt>printcap</tt> The lpd printer capability database (optional)
**** <tt>profile</tt> Systemwide initialization file for sh shell logins (optional)
**** <tt>protocols</tt> IP protocol listing (optional)
**** <tt>resolv.conf</tt> Resolver configuration file (optional)
**** <tt>rpc</tt> RPC protocol listing (optional)
**** <tt>securetty</tt> TTY access control for root login (optional)
**** <tt>services</tt> Port names for network services (optional)
**** <tt>shells</tt> Pathnames of valid login shells (optional)
**** <tt>syslog.conf</tt> Configuration file for syslogd (optional)
** <tt>lib</tt>: Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
** <tt>media</tt>: Mount point for removeable media
** <tt>mnt</tt>: Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily
** <tt>opt</tt>: Add-on application software packages
** <tt>/proc</tt>: (linux specific)
** <tt>sbin</tt>: Essential system binaries
*** <tt>shutdown</tt>
** <tt>srv</tt>: Data for services provided by this system
** <tt>tmp</tt>: Temporary files
** <tt>usr</tt>: Secondary hierarchy. Es "shareable" entre sistemas.
*** <tt>include</tt>: cabeceras de la librería C y otras.
*** <tt>bin</tt>: la mayoría de binarios se encuentran aquí.
*** <tt>local</tt>: software local. Para añadir software shareable que no se encuentra ya instalado en /usr.
*** <tt>share</tt>: datos independientes de la arquitectura.
**** Páginas del manual:
***** /usr/share/man/en
***** /usr/share/man/en_GB
***** /usr/share/man/en_US
***** /usr/share/man/fr_CA etc
** <tt>var</tt>: Variable data
*** <tt>cache</tt> Application cache data
*** <tt>lib</tt> Variable state information
*** <tt>local</tt> Variable data for /usr/local
*** <tt>lock</tt> Lock files
*** <tt>log</tt> Log files and directories
**** <tt>lastlog</tt> record of last login of each user (lastlog)
**** <tt>messages</tt> system messages from syslogd
**** <tt>wtmp</tt> record of all logins and logouts (ac, who,...)
*** <tt>mail</tt> (opcional) Directorio con el mail de los usuarios (un subdirectorio por usuario). Antes /var/spool/mail.
*** <tt>opt</tt> Variable data for /opt
*** <tt>run</tt> Data relevant to running processes
*** <tt>spool</tt> Application spool data (que requiere un proceso de cola)
*** <tt>tmp</tt> Temporary files preserved between system reboots
*** <tt>/var/backups</tt> (prohibidos por compatibilidad histórica)
*** <tt>/var/cron</tt> (prohibidos por compatibilidad histórica)
*** <tt>/var/msgs</tt> (prohibidos por compatibilidad histórica)
*** <tt>/var/preserve</tt> (prohibidos por compatibilidad histórica)
==== Opcionales ====
** <tt>/home</tt>: directorios de usuarios.
*** Directorios de configuración con ".". Si necesitan más de un punto, crear un directorio con un solo punto y meter dentro los ficheros de configuración.
** <tt>/root</tt>: directorio de usuario root. (no es imprescindible tener home de root... ¡pero tener usuario root sí que es imprescindible!)
** <tt>/lib/</tt>

Estructura de fitxers en Linux - Historial de revisió

Marti: Pàgina nova, amb el contingut: «There is nice summary page at http://lpi.aluzina.org/wiki/101_4 Here a copy of the part of it speaking about the FHS: == 104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Fil...».